After the fall of the Vijayanagara Empire, Kempe Gowda declared independence in 1638, a large Adil Shahi Bijapur army defeated Kempe Gowda III, and Bangalore came under Shahaji Bhonsle as a jagir, which later became his capital. In 1537, Kempé Gowdā, a feudal ruler under the Vijayanagara Empire, established a mud fort, considered the foundation of modern Bangalore and its oldest areas, or pétés, which still exist. The city's history dates back to around 890, as found in a stone inscription found at the Nageshwara Temple in Begur, Bangalore. Its elevation is the highest among India's major cities. Located on the Deccan Plateau, at a height of over 900 m (3,000 ft) above sea level, Bangalore has a pleasant climate throughout the year, with its parks and green spaces earning it the reputation of India's "Garden City". It has a population of more than 8 million and a metropolitan population of around 11 million, making it India's third most populous city and fifth most populous urban agglomeration, as well as South India's second-largest urban agglomeration, and the 27th largest city in the world. Bangalore ( / ˈ b æ ŋ ɡ ə l ɔːr, ˌ b æ ŋ ɡ ə ˈ l ɔː r/ BANG-gə-lor, - LOR), officially Bengaluru ( Kannada pronunciation: ( listen)), is the capital and largest city of the southern Indian state of Karnataka.
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